DEFINITION LIST FOR CHEMISTRY STPM SEMESTER 2

DEFINITION LIST FOR CHEMISTRY STPM SEMESTER 2

1	Standard enthalpy change of atomization	The standard enthalpy change of atomization of an element is the heat absorbed when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from the element in its standard state under standard conditions
2	Standard enthalpy change of formation	The standard heat of formation of a substance is defined as the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of the substance is formed from its elements under standard conditions
3	Transition element   STPM 2008	is an element that forms at least a stable ion that has partially filled d-orbitals
4	Atomic radius	Atomic radius is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two closest and identical atoms
5	First ionization energy    STPM 2009	The minimum energy required to remove one electron from each atom in 1 mol of gaseous atoms in the ground state Producing 1 mol of unipositive gaseous ions
6	State Hess’s law**	Enthalpy change of a reaction is not dependent on the intermediate steps of a reaction, only the energy of the starting materials and products.
7	Complex Ion	An ion which is made up of a central metal ion bonded thru dative bonds to 2 or more ligand
8	Lattice energy by using lithium chloride as an example.	Energy released when one mole of lithium chloride is formed from 1 mole of Na+(g) and 1 mole of Cl– (g) ions under standard conditions
9	Define standard enthalpy of combustion for carbon monoxide	The enthalpy change when one mole of carbon monoxide is completely burnt in oxygen under the standard conditions of 298K and 1.0 atm